Basic vocab 20200724
Marketing(n)
Many businesses face tough[tʌf]=difficult competition[.kɑmpə'tɪʃ(ə)n], so if a company wants to become the market leader, it needs to analyze['ænə.laɪz]=study consumption[kən'sʌmpʃ(ə)n] habits['hæbɪt] by doing some effective[ɪ'fektɪv]=useful market research. Some companies do their[ðer] research in-house while[hwaɪl]=but others pay an agency['eɪdʒənsi] to do it. Their findings help companies choose[tʃuz] the best way to promote their product range to potential[pə'tenʃ(ə)l] customers and can also help identify[aɪ'dentɪ.faɪ]=select a target market for new products. Promotion(n)[prə'moʊʃ(ə)n] is usually done[dʌn] through[θru] an advertising['ædvər.taɪzɪŋ] campaign[kæm'peɪn], and companies might decide to make special offers, give out free samples, and even hold competitions. The company may also produce['proʊ.dus]=make an online or paper catalog=catalogue(BE) within their market segment['seɡmənt]=section and creates=make an image that helps the consumer to distinguish[dɪ'stɪŋɡwɪʃ]=know its trademark from those of competitors[kəm'petɪtər].
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by藉由+Ving
do...research做研究
while 有when或but意思
findings發現
advertising campaign廣告活動
make special offers特價
give out發送
hold competitions辦比賽(比賽可數,競爭不可數)
image形象
identify=distinguish識別
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1. marketing ['mɑrkətɪŋ] (n)（市場的）交易、銷售；行銷學
Ex. The company will increase its budget['bʌdʒət] for marketing.
word family:
The manufacturers=maker say the device will be on the market by August.
A supplier (that charges significantly[sɪɡˈnɪfɪkəntli]=greatly=much more than its rivals['raɪv(ə)l]) is likely=possible to lose market share.
These products are being marketed(v)=sell to teenagers through TV commercials.
The engineers are trying to turn=change their invention[ɪn'venʃ(ə)n] into a marketable['mɑrkətəb(ə)l](adj) product.
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budget['bʌdʒət]預算
on the market
supermarket/traditional market/farmer market
stock market/bear[ber] market/bull[bʊl] market
black market/flea[fli] market
market share市占
rivals['raɪv(ə)l]
significantly[sɪɡˈnɪfɪkəntli]=greatly=much
TV commercials電視廣告
turn/change A into B轉變
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2. competition [.kɑmpə'tɪʃ(ə)n] (n) 競爭
Ex. Prices are lower when there is competition among[ə'mʌŋ] stores.[U]
word family:
She's entered a crossword['krɔs.wɜrd] competition=contest比賽.
The company is known=famous for有名的 its quality products and competitive[kəm'petətɪv]有競爭力的(adj) price.
OPP: uncompetitive
He competed[kəm'pit](v) against/with students from around the country.
compete to+V (ex. compete to win a contract)
compete for+sth(ex. compete for a contract)
compete in (a place)(ex. compete in the market)
We offer better rates價格 than our competitors[kəm'petɪtər]競爭對手.
synonyms:同意字
The company's main=major rival['raɪv(ə)l] announced[ə'naʊns] an increase in profits last year.
The team's opponents[ə'poʊnənt] haven't lost a game this season.
His political[pə'lɪtɪk(ə)l] adversary['ædvər.seri] tried to prevent=stop him from winning the nomination[.nɑmɪ'neɪʃ(ə)n].
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among[ə'mʌŋ]之間(3者以上)
between A and B
crossword['krɔs.wɜrd]
beauty/talent[ˈtælənt] contest比賽(靜態)
car/horse race比賽(速度)
basketball/baseball game(AE)
home game主場
away game客場
soccer match(BE)
computer/board/card games
golf/chess tournament['tɜrnəmənt]
is known=famous for有名的
competed[kəm'pit](v) against/with+sb 與人競爭
home rate房價
going rate行情價
exchange rate匯率
announced[ə'naʊns]
Competitor[kəm'petɪtər]
=rival['raɪv(ə)l]
=opponents[ə'poʊnənt]
=adversary['ædvər.seri]
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3. consumption [kən'sʌmpʃ(ə)n] (n) 消費、消耗量
Ex. The jet's high fuel[ˈfjuːəl] consumption makes it expensive[ɪk'spensɪv] to operate. [U]
word family:
The new lights consume[kən'sum] less[les] electricity[.ilek'trɪsəti].
She's making an effort['efərt] to live more simply['sɪmpli] and consume less.
Hundreds of books were consumed in the fire.
Producing a dictionary['dɪkʃə.neri] is a very time-consuming[kən'sumɪŋ] job.
Tax cuts減稅 will boost consumer confidence['kɑnfɪdəns] after the recession[rɪ'seʃ(ə)n].
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fuel[ˈfjuːəl]n.燃料
expensive[ɪk'spensɪv]adj.昂贵的
consume[kən'sum]v.消耗
less[les]adv.少；較少
electricity[.ilek'trɪsəti]n.電
effort['efərt]n.努力；盡力；成就；氣力
simply['sɪmpli]adv.只是；簡單地
dictionary['dɪkʃə.neri]
Tax cuts減稅
consumer confidence['kɑnfɪdəns]n.消費者信心
recession[rɪ'seʃ(ə)n]n.經濟衰退
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4. promote [prə'moʊt] (v) 宣傳 (forward+move)
Ex. The marketing department is busy promoting the new line of men's clothes for summer.
word family:
Helen was promoted to senior['sinjər] editor['edɪtər].
OPP: demote[di'moʊt](down+move)
He's[hiz] one of the promoters[prə'moʊtər] of solar energy.
The company is offering a special promotion[prə'moʊʃ(ə)n] to increase sales.
A promotional[prə'moʊʃən(ə)l] video successfully caught[kɔt] shoppers' attention[ə'tenʃ(ə)n].
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busy+Ving
senior['sinjər]adj.大；級別高的
junior['dʒuniər]adj.級別低的
editor['edɪtər]n.主編
demote[di'moʊt]v.降級
promotion[prə'moʊʃ(ə)n]n.提升；晉級
promotional[prə'moʊʃən(ə)l]adj.增進的；獎勵的；晉升的；促銷的
caught[kɔt]catch的動詞過去式；過去分詞
attention[ə'tenʃ(ə)n]n.注意；注意力；專心[U]
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word roots: 表「現象」mot, mob = more
emotion[ɪ'moʊʃ(ə)n](out+move+n)=feeling情緒
automobile['ɔtəmə.bil](self+move+n)=vehicle車輛
immobilize[ɪ'moʊb(ə)l.aɪz]v.使不動；使不能移動(not+move+v)=stop
remove (away+move)=take away拿走, 帶走
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5. product ['prɑdəkt] (n) 產品
Ex. They do a range[reɪndʒ] of skin-care products.
word family:
The new model will be in production[prəˈdʌkʃən] by the end of the year.
The management had a highly['haɪli] productive[prə'dʌktɪv] meeting last night.
We've[wiv] always said that long hours working can reduce productivity[.prɑdək'tɪvəti].
He works for a company that produces['proʊ.dus] electrical goods[ɡʊdz].
Australia is one of the world's main producers[prə'dusər] of wool[wʊl].
Consumers are buying more organic[ɔr'ɡænɪk] produce['proʊ.dus]. [U]
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final/end/finished/semi-finished product
by-product
production/assembly line
range[reɪndʒ]n.系列
production[prəˈdʌkʃən]n.生產[U]；製作
highly['haɪli]adv.非常；很
productive[prə'dʌktɪv]adj.生產的；生產性的
productivity[.prɑdək'tɪvəti]n.生產力；生產率
produces['proʊ.dus]v.生產；製造
goods[ɡʊdz]n.商品
producers[prə'dusər]n.生產者；製造者
wool[wʊl]n.羊毛
organic[ɔr'ɡænɪk]adj.有機的
produce['proʊ.dus]n.農產品
electrical[ɪˋlɛktrɪk!]adj.與電有關的；電的
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word roots: 表「行為動作」duct, duc = lead領導
abduct[æbˈdʌkt]v.綁架；劫持 (away+lead)=kidnap['kɪd.næp]
conductor[kən'dʌktər]n.列車長；指揮 (together+lead+n=sb)
reduce[rɪ'dus]v.減少 (back+lead)=decrease
induce[ɪn'dus]v.導致；引起 (in+lead)=cause
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Advertising [U]
Advertising['ædvər.taɪzɪŋ] is an essential[ɪ'senʃ(ə)l] part of business. Businesses advertise['ædvər.taɪz] in order to make potential customers aware[ə'wer] of=know the products and services that they offer. Small companies may not be able to pay for commercials[kə'mɜrʃ(ə)l] on TV or other national or international media, but they can place ads in local media, such as in the classified['klæsɪ.faɪd] ad sections of local newspapers, or they can buy air time on commercial radio stations['steɪʃ(ə)n]. They can also produce=make posters[ˈpoʊstər] or flyers['flaɪər] relatively['relətɪvli] cheaply['tʃi:pli] or even place ads on the Internet. Large companies often have a special budget to pay advertising agencies (that specialize['speʃ(ə)l.aɪz] in designing and producing ads.) These agencies create commercials with slogans['sloʊɡən] and jingles['dʒɪŋɡ(ə)l] aimed at a particular[pər'tɪkjələr] target audience[ˈɔːdiəns] as part of a promotional[prə'moʊʃən(ə)l] campaign[kæm'peɪn] to gain publicity[pʌb'lɪsəti] and create brand recognition[.rekəɡ'nɪʃ(ə)n].
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advertising['ædvər.taɪzɪŋ]n.做廣告；廣告業
essential[ɪ'senʃ(ə)l]n.要點；要素；實質；必需品
advertise['ædvər.taɪz]v.做廣告；登廣告
ads=advertisements[.ædvər'taɪzmənt]=adverts['æd.vɜrt](BE)
DPA = dynamic[daɪˈnæmɪk] product ad/ web banner['bænər]
Electrical billboard['bɪl.bɔrd]
aware[ə'wer]adj.意識到；知道；明白；發現
make someone aware of=know
commercials[kə'mɜrʃ(ə)l]adj.商業上的
classified['klæsɪ.faɪd]adj.機密的；保密的
stations['steɪʃ(ə)n]n.站；崗位；局
posters[ˈpoʊstər]n.海報
flyers['flaɪər]n.廣告傳單
relatively['relətɪvli]adv. 相當地；相對地
cheaply['tʃi:pli]adv.便宜地
specialize['speʃ(ə)l.aɪz]v.專門研究；專攻
slogans['sloʊɡən]n.口號
jingles['dʒɪŋɡ(ə)l]n.簡單韻律；廣告歌曲
particular[pər'tɪkjələr]adj.講究；挑剔；專指的；不尋常的
audience[ˈɔːdiəns]n.觀眾；讀者
promotional[prə'moʊʃən(ə)l] campaign[kæm'peɪn]促銷活動
publicity[pʌb'lɪsəti]n.宣傳；宣傳業
recognition[.rekəɡ'nɪʃ(ə)n]n.識別；認識
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6. advertising ['ædvər.taɪzɪŋ] 不可數(n) 廣告
Ex. Dylan['dilən] has worked in advertising since he graduated['ɡrædʒu.eɪtəd] from university.
word family:
I'm going to advertise['ædvər.taɪz] for someone to clean my house.
I saw an interesting TV advertisement[.ædvər'taɪzmənt] for a new car.
The sport event[ɪ'vent] in 2017 attracted[ə'trækt] many advertisers['ædvər.taɪzər].
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graduated['ɡrædʒu.eɪtəd]adj.分等級的
advertise['ædvər.taɪz]v.做廣告；登廣告
advertisement[.ædvər'taɪzmənt]n.廣告；廣告宣傳
event[ɪ'vent]n.大事；發生的事情
attracted[ə'trækt]v.吸引；誘惑；引人注意
advertisers['ædvər.taɪzər]n.廣告客戶
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7. potential [pə'tenʃ(ə)l](a)=possible 可能的
Ex. Many potential customers are waiting for a fall in prices before buying.
word family:
As an athlete['æθ.lit], she still hasn't reached[riːtʃ] her full potential[pə'tenʃ(ə)l]=ability.
This crisis['kraɪsɪs] is potentially[pə'tenʃəli] the most serious in the organization's[.ɔrɡənɪ'zeɪʃ(ə)n] history.
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athlete['æθ.lit]n.運動員
reached[riːtʃ]v.達到；到達；達成；收到
potential[pə'tenʃ(ə)l]n.潛力；電位；電勢；可能性
crisis['kraɪsɪs]n.危機；危急關頭
potentially[pə'tenʃəli]adv.潛在地
organization[.ɔrɡənɪ'zeɪʃ(ə)n]n.組織；機構
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Customer service['sɜrvɪs]
Every business that wants to be successful[sək'sesfəl] must support the products['prɑdəkt] or services (that/which they offer) with courteous['kɜrtiəs], helpful['helpfəl], and friendly customer service. Customer service involves[ɪn'vɑlv]=is building a relationship[rɪ'leɪʃ(ə)n.ʃɪp] with your customers or clients, where you guarantee[.ɡerən'ti]=promise to repair or replace defective[dɪ'fektɪv] products and listen to their feedback. In fact, one of the most important parts of customer service is dealing['dilɪŋ] with complaints[kəm'pleɪnt]. Complaints are an opportunity[.ɑpər'tunəti] to learn about mistakes, and if you deal[dil] with them carefully, you have the chance to regain[rɪ'ɡeɪn]=reget the trust[trʌst] of that customer. Customers (whose expectations[.ekspek'teɪʃ(ə)n] are satisfied['sætɪs.faɪd] and who understand your commitment[kə'mɪtmənt] to quality and reliability[rɪ.laɪə'bɪləti]) are most likely to return and do business with you in the future.
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service['sɜrvɪs]n.服務；使用；維修
successful[sək'sesfəl]adj.達到目的的；有成效的
products['prɑdəkt]n.產品；製品；成果；作品
courteous['kɜrtiəs]adj. 有禮貌的；客氣的
helpful['helpfəl]adj.有用的；有益的
involves[ɪn'vɑlv]v.涉及；含有…的意義
relationship[rɪ'leɪʃ(ə)n.ʃɪp]n.關係；聯繫
guarantee[.ɡerən'ti]v.n.保證；保障；擔保
defective[dɪ'fektɪv]adj.有缺點的；有缺陷的
dealing['dilɪŋ]n.交易；買賣
complaints[kəm'pleɪnt]n.申訴；意見
opportunity[.ɑpər'tunəti]n.機會；時機
deal[dil]n.協議；發牌
regain[rɪ'ɡeɪn]v.重新獲得n.恢復；復得
trust[trʌst]v.n.信任；相信
expectations[.ekspek'teɪʃ(ə)n]n.期望；估計
satisfied['sætɪs.faɪd]adj.滿意的；滿足的
commitment[kə'mɪtmənt]n.承諾；保證
reliability[rɪ.laɪə'bɪləti]n.可靠性
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8. customer ['kʌstəmər] (n) 顧客
Ex. Many large shopping chains[tʃeɪn] issue loyalty['lɔɪəlti] cards to regular['reɡjələr] customers.
word family:
Henry's family has run a custom=customized furniture['fɜrnɪtʃər] business for a decade['dekeɪd].
It's a custom=convention for the bride[braɪd] to wear a white dress on her wedding day.
We went through[θru] customs['kʌstəmz] at the airport without any difficulty['dɪfɪkəlti].
The telephone company has offered to customize['kʌstə.maɪz] a plan for our business.
The company specializes['speʃ(ə)l.aɪz] in customized(v.+ed=adj)=tailor-made[ˈteɪ.lɚˈmeɪd]=custom-made=bespoke[bɪˈspəʊk] computer systems.
word choice: customer
She advises clients on their investments.
The street was crowded['kraʊdəd] with shoppers.
Consumers have a right to know what they buy.
This car park is for the use of patrons['peɪtrən] only.
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chains[tʃeɪn]n.連鎖；鏈條
loyalty['lɔɪəlti]n.忠誠；忠實
regular['reɡjələr]n.常客；老主顧
furniture['fɜrnɪtʃər]n.家具
decade['dekeɪd]n. 十年
convention[kən'venʃ(ə)n] n. 習俗；慣例
bride[braɪd]n.新娘
customs['kʌstəmz] n. 海關
difficulty['dɪfɪkəlti]n.困難
customize['kʌstə.maɪz]v.定制；客制化；自訂
specializes['speʃ(ə)l.aɪz]v.專門從事；專門研究
crowded[ˈkraʊ.dɪd]adj.人太多的；擁擠的
patrons['peɪtrən]n.主顧
tailor-made['teɪlər] adj.特製的；專門設置的
custom-made[ˈkʌstəm ˈmeɪd] adj.定制
bespoke[bɪˈspəʊk] adj.定做的
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9. defective [dɪ'fektɪv] (a) 不完美的
OPP: faultless['fɔltləs], flawless['flɔləs], perfect
Ex. The computer is defective[dɪ'fektɪv], and I want my money back.
word family:
Vanity['vænəti] and pride[praɪd] were his two worst[wɜrst] character['kerəktər] defects[dɪ'fekt]=fault[fɔlt],flaw[flɔː].
The reporter[rɪ'pɔrtər] defected[dɪ'fekt]=abandon[ə'bændən] to another TV network.
word roots: 表「行為動作」fect, fact, fic = do, make
affect['æfekt] (to+do)=influence['ɪnfluəns]
manufacture (hand+make+n)=make, produce
artificial[.ɑrtɪ'fɪʃ(ə)l] (skill+make+adj)
sufficient[sə'fɪʃ(ə)nt] (under+do+adj)=enough
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faultless['fɔltləs]adj.沒有錯誤的；無缺點的；完美無缺的
flawless['flɔləs]adj.完美的；無瑕的
defective[dɪ'fektɪv]adj.有缺點的；有缺陷的
vanity['vænəti]n.虛榮；虛榮心
Pride[praɪd]n.驕傲；自豪
worst[wɜrst] adv.最壞adj.最差的n.最壞的部分
character['kerəktər]n.特徵；特性
defects[dɪ'fekt]n.缺陷；不足；短處
reporter[rɪ'pɔrtər] n.記者
defected[dɪ'fekt]v.叛變；逃走
affect['æfekt]v.影響
influence['ɪnfluəns] v.n.影響
artificial[.ɑrtɪ'fɪʃ(ə)l]adj.人工的；人造的
sufficient[sə'fɪʃ(ə)nt]adj.足夠的
abandon[ə'bændən]v.放棄；拋棄
fault[fɔlt]n.故障；過錯
flaw[flɔː]n.瑕疵；裂紋
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10. expectation[.ekspek'teɪʃ(ə)n](n) 期待、預期
Ex. The holiday lived up to our expectations.
word family:
Good things sometimes happen when you least[list] expect[ɪk'spekt] them.
Kate[keit] and Don[dɑn] are expecting[ɪk'spekt] a baby.
an expectant[ɪk'spektənt] mother/father
In Japan, the average life expectancy[ɪk'spektənsi] for women is 86.[U]
word roots: 表「感官動作」spect, spic = look
spectacles[ˈspɛkt(ə)klz] (look+n)=glass
inspect[ɪn'spekt] (in+look)=examine[ɪɡ'zæmɪn]
retrospect['retroʊspekt] (backward+look) (n)
conspicuous[kən'spɪkjuəs] (加強語氣+look+adj)=obvious['ɑbviəs]
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least[list]adv.最小；最少adj.最小的；最不重要的n.最小
expect[ɪk'spekt]v.期望；預計
expectant[ɪk'spektənt]adj.期待的；預期的
expectancy[ɪk'spektənsi]n.預期；期待
spectacles[ˈspɛkt(ə)klz]n.眼鏡
inspect[ɪn'spekt]v.檢查；視察；查看
examine[ɪɡ'zæmɪn]v.檢驗；審查；調查
retrospect['retroʊspekt]n.回顧
conspicuous[kən'spɪkjuəs]adj.易見的；明顯的
obvious['ɑbviəs]adj.明顯的；顯然的
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Verb prefixes and suffixes（動詞字首與字尾）
en/in/be＋名詞或形容詞
en(prefix) + adjective/noun = verb
en + joy = enjoy
en + large = enlarge
en + sure = ensure
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joy [dʒɒɪ] n.快樂
large[lɑrdʒ]adj.大的adv.大
sure [ʃʊr]adj.確信adv.表示同意當然
enjoy[ɪn'dʒɔɪ] v.享受；欣賞
enlarge[ɪn'lɑrdʒ]v. 擴大；擴展
ensure[ɪn'ʃʊr]v.確保；保證
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名詞或形容詞＋動詞字尾
noun/adjective + en/fy/ize/yze(suffix) = verb
strength + en = strengthen
threat + en = threaten
short + en = shorten
simple + fy = simplify
just + fy = justify
custom + ize = customize
special + ize = specialize
analysis + yze = analyze
paralysis + yze = paralyze
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strength[streŋθ] n.強度；力量
strengthen['streŋθən] v.加強；增強
threat[θret]n.威脅，恐嚇
threaten['θret(ə)n]v.威脅；危及
short[ʃɔrt]adj.短的adv. 缺少
shorten['ʃɔrt(ə)n]v.縮短
simple['sɪmp(ə)l]adj.笨；易於理解的；易做的；簡單的
simplify['sɪmplɪ.faɪ]v.使簡化；使簡易
just[dʒʌst]adv.只是；就adj.公正的；正義的
justify['dʒʌstɪ.faɪ]v.證明…正確
custom['kʌstəm] n.習俗；風俗
customize['kʌstə.maɪz]v.定制
special[ˈspeʃ(ə)l]adj.不尋常的；特定的n.特別節目；特製品
specialize['speʃ(ə)l.aɪz]v.專門研究
analysis[ə'næləsɪs]n.分析結果
analyze=analyse[['æn(ə)l.aɪz]v.分析
paralysis[pə'ræləsɪs]n.麻痺；癱瘓
paralyze=paralyse['perə.laɪz]v.使癱瘓；使麻痺
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